ABSTRACT
Despite the low incidence, low mortality and relatively mild symptoms of COVID-19 in children, there has been a rise in pediatric patients who develop a condition resembling Kawasaki disease after COVID-19 or contact with individuals infected with SARS-CoV-2. This condition is known as the pediatric inflammatory multisystem syndrome temporally associated with SARS-CoV-2 infection (PIMS-TS). This review introduces the reader to the hypotheses of PIMS-TS pathogenesis, provides information about its diagnosis and treatment, presents clinical and laboratory data and describes treatments strategies used in children and adolescents hospitalized to the intensive care unit of the Pediatric Research and Clinical Center for Infectious Diseases. Besides, the review outlines the main diagnostic and prognostic challenges of PIMS-TS.Copyright © Extreme Medicine.All right reserved.
ABSTRACT
The article presents an overview of current trends in the epidemiology of respiratory syncytial viral (RSV) infection, including its seasonality, under the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic, both according to world literature and taking into account monitoring epidemiological studies conducted in the Russian Federation. A detailed description of the dynamics of RSV detection in the period 2020-2021 and the beginning of 2022 in Russia according to the results of the all-Russian epidemiological monitoring is given. Epidemiological studies in different regions of the world, including Russia, have revealed the absence of seasonal rises in the incidence of RSV infection, characteristic of previous years, in 2020 and winter-spring in 2021 under the influence of the COVID-19 pandemic. In 2021-2022, a sharp increase in the incidence and hospitalization of children was noted against the backdrop of a decrease in cases of a new coronavirus infection in all countries of the world, while the start time and duration of respiratory syncytial virus infection, typical for the prepandemic period, changed. Our previous studies have shown that in different years and in different regions of Russia, the start and end times of the epidemiological season may also not coincide, which makes it difficult to predict seasonal peaks in incidence, their duration and severity only on the basis of previously obtained data. This makes it expedient to extend the terms of passive specific prophylaxis with palivizumab for a year if there are indications for its use, including taking into account the data of epidemiological monitoring conducted in the Russian Federation.Copyright © 2022 Authors. All rights reserved.
ABSTRACT
The article presents an overview of current trends in the epidemiology of respiratory syncytial viral (RSV) infection, including its seasonality, under the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic, both according to world literature and taking into account monitoring epidemiological studies conducted in the Russian Federation. A detailed description of the dynamics of RSV detection in the period 2020-2021 and the beginning of 2022 in Russia according to the results of the all-Russian epidemiological monitoring is given. Epidemiological studies in different regions of the world, including Russia, have revealed the absence of seasonal rises in the incidence of RSV infection, characteristic of previous years, in 2020 and winter-spring in 2021 under the influence of the COVID-19 pandemic. In 2021-2022, a sharp increase in the incidence and hospitalization of children was noted against the backdrop of a decrease in cases of a new coronavirus infection in all countries of the world, while the start time and duration of respiratory syncytial virus infection, typical for the prepandemic period, changed. Our previous studies have shown that in different years and in different regions of Russia, the start and end times of the epidemiological season may also not coincide, which makes it difficult to predict seasonal peaks in incidence, their duration and severity only on the basis of previously obtained data. This makes it expedient to extend the terms of passive specific prophylaxis with palivizumab for a year if there are indications for its use, including taking into account the data of epidemiological monitoring conducted in the Russian Federation. © 2022 Authors. All rights reserved.
ABSTRACT
The article presents an overview of current trends in the epidemiology of respiratory syncytial viral (RSV) infection, including its seasonality, under the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic, both according to world literature and taking into account monitoring epidemiological studies conducted in the Russian Federation. A detailed description of the dynamics of RSV detection in the period 2020-2021 and the beginning of 2022 in Russia according to the results of the all-Russian epidemiological monitoring is given. Epidemiological studies in different regions of the world, including Russia, have revealed the absence of seasonal rises in the incidence of RSV infection, characteristic of previous years, in 2020 and winter-spring in 2021 under the influence of the COVID-19 pandemic. In 2021-2022, a sharp increase in the incidence and hospitalization of children was noted against the backdrop of a decrease in cases of a new coronavirus infection in all countries of the world, while the start time and duration of respiratory syncytial virus infection, typical for the prepandemic period, changed. Our previous studies have shown that in different years and in different regions of Russia, the start and end times of the epidemiological season may also not coincide, which makes it difficult to predict seasonal peaks in incidence, their duration and severity only on the basis of previously obtained data. This makes it expedient to extend the terms of passive specific prophylaxis with palivizumab for a year if there are indications for its use, including taking into account the data of epidemiological monitoring conducted in the Russian Federation.Copyright © 2022 Authors. All rights reserved.
ABSTRACT
The review article is devoted to the analysis of the literature on the various mechanisms of damage to the cardiovascular system in COVID-19. The article briefly outlines the epidemiology and urgency of the COVID-19 problem, describes the features of the clinical picture of heart muscle damage in COVID-19. The pathophysiology, morphology and pathogenetic mechanisms of myocardial involvement in cases of SARS-CoV-2 lesion are considered in detail. The authors present a diagram of various mechanisms of myocardial damage in COVID-19, which includes mediated damage to the heart muscle through angiotensin-converting enzyme 2, myocardial damage caused by hypoxemia, microvascular heart damage, and systemic inflammatory response syndrome. A detailed scheme of cardiomyocyte infection with the involvement of cytokines, which ultimately leads to myocardial remodeling and dilated cardiomyopathy, is presented. The pathophysiological foundations of the development of sudden cardiac death in COVID-19, which include the mechanisms of life-threatening arrhythmias, acute coronary syndrome, and heart failure, are considered. The authors analyzed scientific studies of the toxic effects of COVID-19 drug treatment on the heart muscle, in particular, antiviral, antibacterial, antimalarial agents. Their potential benefits and harms, as well as the likelihood of developing cardiovascular events, in particular sudden cardiac death, were assessed. © 2021 Izdatel'stvo Meditsina. All rights reserved.
ABSTRACT
Since March 2020, the first reports have appeared about the increasing, almost everywhere, number of children who have undergone a new coronovirus infection caused by SARS-Cov-2 with a symptom complex resembling the manifestations of Kawasaki disease. A special feature of the clinical manifestations of this syndrome, which is called “Pediatric multisystem inflammatory syndrome associated with COVID-19”, is the high incidence of life-threatening conditions caused by the sharp development of arterial hypotension against the background of cardiogenic or vasogenic shock. In St. Petersburg, since the end of November 2020, there has been a sharp surge in admissions of children to the ICU of various hospitals with the clinic of Pediatric multisystem inflammatory syndrome, who have laboratory confirmation of the transferred COVID-19. The purpose of this article is to attract the attention of doctors of various profiles, to combine efforts to study this pathology, to determine the criteria for verifying the diagnosis, optimal treatment regimens and dispensary monitoring of patients who have been ill. © 2021 Interregional public organization Association of infectious disease specialists of Saint-Petersburg and Leningrad region (IPO AIDSSPbR). All rights reserved.
ABSTRACT
The review presents current literature data on the medical rehabilitation of children undergoing COVID-19. The clinical features and leading syndromes of COVID-19 in children, as well as primary lesions of organs and systems requiring the use of medical rehabilitation methods, are considered. Rehabilitation technologies are proposed depending on the leading clinical syndrome. Information on the main rehabilitation technologies used in children with the consequences of COVID-19 is necessary for the implementation of comprehensive medical rehabilitation at all stages of treatment and recovery.
ABSTRACT
The work objective was to carry out the analysis of the existing in the Russian Federation monitoring of the incidence of new coronavirus infection in children and specific features of death cases caused by COVID-19 in children. Materials and methods. The analysis of the data of operative statistics presented on the sites of the governments of the regions where the incidence among children was considered within the period from April 22, 2020 to June 26, 2020, as well as the data of the Main non-staff experts in infectious diseases in children was performed. The inpatient medical documentation and the data of pathologicoanatomic investigation of children died due to COVID-19 were analyzed. Results. Prevalence of COVID-19 in children from various regions of the Russian Federation was from 1% to 8.6% in the structure of general disease incidence. The asymptomatic and mild forms of the disease which did not require hospitalization, were noted in 55–60% of the cases. 12 death cases associated with COVID-19 were registered for June 22, 2020. The analysis of 8 presented cases showed that 6 patients out of 8 died children were of the first half of the year of life (3 girls and 5 boys). In most cases the children were admitted to the hospital at the 8–12th day of the disease in severe and extremely severe condition due to pulmonary-cardiac insufficiency, six patients had fever up to 38–39°С, four patients had signs of consciousness depression. All children were diagnosed with community-acquired bilateral pneumonia according to the data of roentgenography, ultrasound investigation or computer tomography of the chest organs that did not always coincide with the intensity of respiratory syndrome. The direct cause of death was cardiac or pulmonary-cardiac insufficiency. Conclusion. The analysis of clinical and laboratory manifestations of COVID-19 with an unfavourable outcome in children revealed some difficulties in the interpretation of its role in thanatogenesis. The significance of comorbid pathologies in the development of unfavourable outcomes is doubtless.